Travel Tips
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Monsoon Winds
A monsoon wind is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region.
- Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics.
- Monsoons are most often associated with the Indian Ocean.
Monsoons always blow from cold to warm regions. The summer monsoon and the winter monsoon determine the climate for most of India and Southeast Asia.
Classification of Monsoon Winds
1.Summer Monsoon :The summer monsoon is associated with heavy rainfall. It usually happens between April and September.
- As winter ends, warm, moist air from the southwest Indian Ocean blows toward countries like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.
- The summer monsoon brings a humid climate and torrential rainfall to these areas.
2. Winter Monsoon: The Indian Oceans winter monsoon, which lasts from October to April, is less well-known than its rainy summer equivalent.
- The dry winter monsoon blows from the northeast. These winds start in the air above Mongolia and northwestern China.
- Winter monsoons are less powerful than summer monsoons in Southeast Asia, in part because the Himalaya Mountains prevent much of the wind and moisture of the monsoons from reaching the coast.
- The Himalayas also prevent much of the cool air from reaching places like southern India and Sri Lanka, keeping them warm all year. Winter monsoons are sometimes associated with droughts.
Not all winter monsoons are dry, however. Unlike the western part of Southeast Asia, the eastern, Pacific coast of Southeast Asia experiences its rainy season in the winter. The winter monsoon brings moist air from the South China Sea to areas like Indonesia and Malaysia.
3. Other Monsoons: The Asian-Australian monsoon, which includes the Indian Ocean, stretches from northern Australia to Russias Pacific coast. This huge monsoon wind system then stretches into the Indian Ocean. Finally, it reaches its end on the Indian coast of Africa.
- Monsoon winds exist in other parts of the world, too. The North American monsoon happens once a year, usually in the middle of summer.
- Warm, moist air from the Gulf of California blows northeast, while warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico blows northwest.
These two winds meet over the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains in central Mexico. The monsoon brings moisture to the mountain ecosystem before continuing north to the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
- The North American monsoon can be a natural aid to fire fighters. Summer temperatures in Arizona regularly reach more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit, making wildfires difficult to contain.
- The North American monsoon is also the primary water source for most desert ecosystems in the region.
- However, it can also confuse and interrupt daily life for people and businesses not used to dealing with heavy rain.
Impact of Monsoon on the Indian Economy
1. Impact on Indian Agriculture: The agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy because more than 60% of Indian population engaged in agriculture, which shares around 20.5% in the Indian gross domestic product. In India, water is more valuable than gold for the farmers or the one who engaged in agriculture. In case monsoon is favourable then we have a positive impact or if not favourable then then the prices of the goods increases and the services of other classes of people is diminished. Products of industry do not find a ready market and the supply of raw materials to industries also suffers.
2. Impact on GDP (Gross Domestic Product): If monsoon fails then it will reduce the percentage points from the overall GDP growth of India. This will also have a detrimental effect on demand in the non-agricultural sector.
3. Impact on Balance of Trade: The balance of trade is also dependent on the unexpected and inexplicable changes in the monsoon as if the monsoon is favourable we have a favourable balance of trade and if the monsoon is not favourable we have a negative balance of trade. The failure of the monsoon affects unfavourably the volumes and the balance of India’s foreign trade. The revenue of the government sharply decline due to the fall in the national income and the government is burdened with extra ordinary expenditures. Hence, we can say state’s revenue and income depends on the monsoon every year.
4. Impact on the food supply: If monsoon failed, it will hamper the agricultural production, which would stroke on the food prices.
5. Impact on the hydro-power sector and irrigation facilities: Most of the Indian power project installed on the Perennial Rivers. If monsoon fails, it would lower the water levels that have detrimental effects on the power generation as well as irrigation facilities.
6. Impact on rural economy: India’s rural life revolving around agriculture and allied activities in small villages, where the overwhelming majority of the population lives. As per the 2001 census, 72.2% of the population live in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8% lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. The unseasonable and pre-monsoon rain damaged the crops, especially those areas where monsoon rain is adequate, and then it would hit the farm output and affects the rural demand.
To conclude, we should not forget the famous quote that ‘Jal Hi Jeevan Hai’. The Monsoon has deep impact on Indian economy because more than 60% population depends on the agriculture. In other words, the monsoon is the life-line of Indian economy just like blood is required for survival of life and so is that without monsoon our agrarian economy cannot survive.
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